New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. First Oxford Paperback, first printing [stating]. Trade paperback. xxii, 310, [2] pages. Illustrations. Tables. Abbreviations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Cover has some wear and soiling. Label removed from half-title page. Jacques Adler (1927-2017) was born in 1927. Jacques brought his experience in the Resistance to the study of history and used it in his pioneering Ph.D. Jacques joined the Jewish underground in Paris and was active throughout the war. During the Liberation, Jacques was involved in the Resistance takeover of the offices of the Union générale des israélites de France (UGIF), the organization which the Vichy regime forced French Jews to create and pay for in order to control the Jewish community. It was to the UGIF records that Jacques would turn when he began research for a Ph.D.. In 1987, OUP published a version as The Jews of Paris and the Final Solution: Communal Response and Internal Conflicts, 1940–1944. It was in this work that Jacques brought to bear his experience in the underground, in a meticulous study using the records of the UGIF. The leaders of the UGIF were generally from the Jewish establishment. They undertook the work in the naive hope that they could palliate the regime’s implementation of anti-Semitic measures. Jacques undertook his work in a spirit of what the eminent historian H. R. Kedward (1991, English Historical Review, vol. 106, 749–50) called ‘objective scholarship' Adler had good reason, as a resistance activist, to condemn those who took part in Vichy’s institution [UGIF], but he does not do so; rather he leaves the reader to decide whether Jewish compromise with Vichy was avoidable or not.’. More