Inquisition; Inquisicion; A Bilingual Guide to the exhibition of Torture Instruments from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Era presented in various European cities; Guia bilingue de la exposicion de Instrumentos de Tortura desde la edad media a la epoca industrial presentada en diversas ciudades europeas
Marcello Bertoni (Photographs) Florence: Qua d'Arno, 1985. First Printing [Stated]. Trade paperback. Format is approximately 9.25 inches by 11 inches. 156, [4] pages. Illustrated cover. Profusely illustrated. Text is in English and Spanish. The Spanish translation was by Amor Gil. Slight cover wear noted. Illustrates and describes numerous torture devices including breast rippers, the ever popular rack and iron maiden, heretics fork and many more. Robert Held is the author or compiler of books such as Arms and Armor Annual Volume 1 - Thirty Outstanding Articles On Weaponry By Leading Arms Armor Historians Of the World. Mr. Held, though having written extensively on firearms, "accepted the task of writing this Guide because his anti- torture and anti- death-penalty views coincide with those of the exhibition's organizers". Torture is the deliberate, state-sponsored infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons such as punishment, extracting a confession, interrogation for information, or intimidating third parties. Torture has been carried out since ancient times. A variety of methods of torture are used, often in combination; the most common form of physical torture is beatings. Torture aims to break the victim's will and destroy their agency and personality. Torture is one of the most devastating experiences that a person can undergo. Public opinion research has shown general opposition to torture, although a minority of people support the use of torture in certain cases. Opposition to torture stimulated the formation of the human rights movement after World War II, and torture continues to be an important human rights issue. The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, conducting trials of suspected heretics. Studies of the records have found that the overwhelming majority of sentences consisted of penances, but that cases of repeat unrepentant heretics were handed over to the secular courts, which generally resulted in execution or life imprisonment. The Inquisition had its start in 12th-century Kingdom of France, with the aim of combating religious deviation (e.g. apostasy or heresy), particularly among the Cathars and the Waldensians. The inquisitorial courts from this time until the mid-15th century are together known as the Medieval Inquisition. Other groups investigated during the Medieval Inquisition, which primarily took place in France and Italy, including the Spiritual Franciscans, the Hussites, and the Beguines. Beginning in the 1250s, inquisitors were generally chosen from members of the Dominican Order, replacing the earlier practice of using local clergy as judges. During the Late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance, the scope of the Inquisition grew significantly in response to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. During this period, the Inquisition conducted by the Holy See was known as the Roman Inquisition. The Inquisition also expanded to other European countries, resulting in the Spanish Inquisition and the Portuguese Inquisition. The Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions focused particularly on the anusim (people who were forced to abandon Judaism against their will) and on Muslim converts to Catholicism. The scale of the persecution of converted Muslims and converted Jews in Spain and Portugal was the result of suspicions that they had secretly reverted to their previous religions, although both religious minority groups were also more numerous on the Iberian Peninsula than in other parts of Europe. During this time, Spain and Portugal operated inquisitorial courts not only in Europe, but also throughout their empires in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. This resulted in the Goa Inquisition, the Peruvian Inquisition, and the Mexican Inquisition, among others.
With the exception of the Papal States, the institution of the Inquisition was abolished in the early 19th century, after the Napoleonic Wars in Europe and the Spanish American wars of independence in the Americas. The institution survived as part of the Roman Curia, but in 1908 it was renamed the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office. In 1965, it became the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Condition: Very good.
Keywords: Torture, Iron Maiden, Judas Cradle, Head-Crusher, Stocks, Pillory, Heretic's Fork, Iron Gag, Rack, Knee-Splitter, Pincers, Breast Ripper, Interrogation, Thumbscrews, Garrote, Flails, Leg Irons, Spiked Collar, Self-Mortification Belt, Rectal Pear, Bra
ISBN: 8885035078
[Book #83948]
Price: $100.00